Identity area
Type of entity
Corporate body
Authorized form of name
UNESCO. Exchange of Persons Service
Parallel form(s) of name
- UNESCO. Service des échanges de personnes
Standardized form(s) of name according to other rules
Other form(s) of name
- EXP
Identifiers for corporate bodies
Description area
Dates of existence
1947 - 1960
History
The International Institute for Intellectual Co-operation carried out a successful international exchange service prior to the Second World War and Member States were interested in seeing these activities continued by UNESCO. It was suggested at the first General Conference that the Organization create a programme similar to the fellowship programme administered by UNRRA. While fellowships and grants were awarded as part of programme activities during the first year of UNESCO’s existence, the centralized unit for administering the programme and the programme regulations took form in 1947. The possibility of assuming responsibility for the UNRRA programme was examined. However, the draft regulations and idea for a Bureau for the Exchange of Persons were put in motion by John Marshall, Associate Director for the Humanities at the Rockefeller Foundation, who came to UNESCO for six weeks on loan in April-May 1947. The first focus of the programme was to be reconstruction and rehabilitation. The objectives of the Bureau were not only to administer the UNESCO fellowship programme, but also to research and act as a clearing house for information on other exchange possibilities available throughout the world. The fellowship programme was to have twin benefits – to advance the human resources capacity of the state sending the fellow and to promote mutual understanding through the mechanism of exchange.
When William D. Carter started as Head in September 1947, the unit was not a bureau but a Section for Exchange of Persons. The following year, in the context of larger organizational restructuring, the unit was called the Office for the Exchange of Persons before being upgraded temporarily to the Department of Exchange of Persons in August 1948. This name lasted until 1950 when the use of the term department was revised in UNESCO, leading to it finally being named the Exchange of Persons Service (EXP). Beyond the scope of the UNESCO fellowship programme, the Service also administered an increasing number of travel grants and study tours targeting in particular workers, youths, and teachers. The service issued the publications Study Abroad, Vacations Abroad, and Travel Abroad, among others. Carter’s title was changed to Chief in 1956 and the staff increased steadily over time. In 1960, again amidst larger structural changes in the Organization, the Service were renamed the International Exchange Service (IES) to reflect the expansion of activities of its Clearing House and the added responsibility for the newly-created briefing centre for international experts at Bois du Rocher. Carter continued as Chief and then Director of IES.
Over time, the Service had the following units: Office of the Head/Chief (1951-1960); Fellowship Administration Division (1951-1959), renamed the Fellowships Division (1959-1960); Clearing House and Promotion (1951); Clearing House and Research [unit] (1952-1953); Projects and Promotion [unit] (1952-1953); Information and Promotion Division (1952-1955) with Information and Research Section (1954-1955) and Promotion and Special Projects Section (1954-1955); Clearing House and Advisory Services Division (1956-1958); Promotion of Exchange of Persons Division (1956-1960) with Workers and Young People [unit] (1956-1960) renamed Workers [unit] (1960), Teachers [unit] (1957-1960), Clearing House [unit] (1959-1960).
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Created by AWT 03/04/2013.
Language(s)
Script(s)
Sources
-UNESCO. General Conference, 11th Session. (1960). Proposed Programme and Budget for 1961-1962. 11 C/5. Accessed online in UNESDOC 28/03/2013: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001605/160500eb.pdf
-UNESCO. General Conference,5th Session. (1950). The Programme of UNESCO proposed by the Executive Board. 5 C/5(I). UNESCO Archives, AG 4 General Conference Documents.
-UNESCO. General Conference, 3rd Session. (1948). Report by the Director-General on the activities of the Organization in 1948. 3 C/3. UNESCO Archives, AG 4 General Conference Documents.
-UNESCO. General Conference, 3rd Session. (1948). Proposed Programme and Budget for 1949. 3 C/5. UNESCO Archives, AG 4 General Conference Documents.
-UNESCO. General Conference, 2nd Session. (1947). Report by the Director-General on the activities of the Organization in 1947. Paris, 20 September 1947. 2 C/4. UNESCO Archives, AG 4 General Conference Documents.
-UNESCO. General Conference, 2nd Session. (1947). Budget Estimates for the financial year 1948 and Information Annex. Paris, 20 September 1947. 2 C/2. UNESCO Archives, AG 4 General Conference Documents.
-UNESCO. General Conference, 1st Session. (1946). Report of the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Commission. In (Records of the) General Conference, first session, held at UNESCO House, Paris from 20 November to 10 December 1946. UNESCO/C/30. Annex VI. P. 261. Accessed online in UNESDOC 28/03/2013: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001145/114580e.pdf
-UNESCO Archives, AG 6 Secretariat Documents, Staff Lists.
-UNESCO Archives, AG 8 Secretariat Records, Central Registry Collection, 3rd chronological series, 376 Fellowships – General, Parts I-VI.