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authority records

Giuliano, Balbino

  • Person
  • 1879-1958

Balbino Guilano was born in Fossano, Italy, in 1879. He completed his studies in philosophy and literature at the University of Turin, and went on to teach philosophy at Florence (1925–1930), Bologna (1931–1932), and Rome (1932–1935). He was Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature in Rome from 1935 until 1940. Besides his university achievements, he pursued a political career in the fascist movement. Having served as Secretary of State from 1924 until 1925, he became Minister of Education in 1929 and remained in this position until 1932. It was during his tenure that teachers at Italian universities saw the imposition of an oath of allegiance to the regime. In 1934 he became Senator. After the breakdown of the Fascist system, Guilano retired from political and university life and benefitted from the Togliatti amnesty. He died in 1958 in Rome.

Guilano repeatedly took part in activities of the Organisation of Intellectual Cooperation (OIC). In 1928, the Italian Committee on Intellectual Cooperation was founded, the members of which were elected on the proposition of the Education Ministry and with the consent of the Foreign Affairs Ministry: Guilano was elected President of this Committee in 1935. He was also appointed a member of the ICIC and President of the International Educational Cinematographic Institute in 1937. However, Italy’s withdrawal from the LN on 11 December 1937 put an end to Guilano’s activities at the OCI, as to those of all other Italian civil servants at the LN.

Gleditsch, Ellen

  • Person
  • 1879-1968

Ellen Gleditsch was born in Mandal, Norway, in 1879. After her pharmaceutical studies at Tromsø and Oslo, she worked as an assistant at the chemical laboratory at the Royal Frederick University in Oslo. She pursued her studies while working at the same time, and joined Marie Curie’s lab in Paris in 1907. While working with Curie, she also studied at Sorbonne and graduated with a degree in sciences in 1912. Together with Curie she conducted research on radium and uranium as well as their relationships with minerals. Her output earned her an academic reputation and allowed her to travel: for instance, invited by Yale University, she worked on the determining the half-life of radium. She also taught at Strasbourg, France, Budapest, Sophia, Bucharest, Glasgow, and a number of American universities.

In 1916 she received a teaching position in radiochemistry at the University of Oslo. In 1920 she was awarded the Nansen Prize in recognition of her achievements. In 1929 she became the second Norwegian woman to hold a professorship, after Kristine Bonnevie, and she took over the direction of the chair of inorganic chemistry, a post that she held until her retirement in 1946. In 1948 she received an honorary doctorate from Strasbourg, and in 1962 she was the first woman to receive an honorary doctorate from the Sorbonne. Gleditsch died in 1968 in Oslo.

Throughout her career, Gleditsch maintained close contacts with her professional colleagues from abroad. Between 1926 and 1929, she presided over the International Federation of University Women (IFUW). In January 1939, the ICIC appointed her as a member for the period of three years. However, her mandate ended with the termination of the ICIC’s activities at the outbreak of the Second World War.

Havet, Jacques

  • Person
  • 1919-07-30 -

Jacques Havet, a French national, was born on July 30, 1919 in Airaines, France. Havet studied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure and the Sorbonne, earning a Baccalauréat in Classics and Philosophy, a License in Philsophy, Physchology, Ethics, Sociology and Anthropology , as well as a Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures and an Agrégation in Philosophie.

His career prior to joining UNESCO included the publication of “Kant and the Problem of Time,” translations of works of fiction, and contributed to the French press. During the Second World War, Havet’s father was a political deportee who was killed at Buchenwald concentration camp. In 1944, Havet was in charge of a mission in the cabinet of the Prefet of Liberation for Maine-et Loire. From May to November 1945, he served as head of the documentary film section for the Direction-Générale de la Cinématographie française. From November 1945 through May 1946, he was attached to the National Centre for Scientific Research.

Havet began his career in the Social Sciences and Philosophy Section of the Preparatory Commission of UNESCO in May 1946. After UNESCO formally came into existence, he served in a number of posts in the Department of Cultural Activities, including, in 1957, that of Chief of the Philosophy and Humanistic Studies Section. From 1957 to 1962, he was responsible for coordinating the Major Project on Mutual Appreciation of Eastern and Western Cultural Values. In 1963, he was made the first Director of the Office of the Director-General. Havet then took a special leave to pursue his philosophical research the following year, returning to the Secretariat in January 1967 as a consultant and Rapporteur général for the second part of the study on the Main Trends of Research in the Social and Human Sciences. After the completion of this work, Havet was appointed Director of the Department of Social Sciences in 1973. In the context of a larger reorganization of the sectors in 1975, Havet was named Deputy to the Assistant Director-General of the Social Sciences, Humanities and Culture Sector. The following year he was appointed Deputy Assistant Director-General of the newly created Sector for Social Sciences and their Applications. From November 1978 to August 1979, he acted as Assistant Director-General par interim. Havet was promoted to the personal rank of Assistant Director-General in May 1979 and retired from UNESCO in November 1980.

Herzog, Marie Pierre

  • Person

Marie-Pierre Herzog, a French national, joined the staff of UNESCO in March 1969 as Director of the Division of Philosophy. In 1973, she was made Director of the newly created Human Rights Coordination Unit. The Unit became the Division of Human Rights and Peace in 1975.

Hoggart, Richard

  • Person
  • 1918-09-24 – 2014-04-10

Richard Hoggart was born in Leeds, United Kingdom, on 24 September 1918. He studied at Leeds University from 1936 to 1940. His Masters of Arts thesis there was interrupted when he was drafted for service in the Second World War. After the war, from 1946 to 1959, he was a Tutor at University College, Hull, and then a Senior Tutor at Hull University. It was during this period that he published the work for which he is most known, The Uses of Literacy (1956). In 1959, he moved to the University of Leicester to accept a position as a Senior Lecturer in English. He became Professor of English at University of Birmingham in 1962 where he also became the first Director of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.

Hoggart was asked to be a member of the Culture Advisory Committee of the UK National Commission for UNESCO from 1966 to 1970. As such, he attended the 1966 and 1968 General Conferences as part of the UK delegation. He was also an observer at the 1969 Meeting of Experts to Prepare the 1970 Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies.

Hoggart joined UNESCO in February 1970, accepting an appointment as Assistant Director-General of Social Sciences, Human Sciences and Culture (SHC). During his tenure, the SHC Sector’s work included activities on: human rights and action against racism; population studies including activities for the World Population Year; the strengthening of social sciences in developing countries, including the establishment of regional social science centres; preparatory activities for the International Women’s Year; culture and environment studies; study of cultures; the General History of Africa; the series of regional Intergovernmental Conferences on Cultural Policies; continued international campaigns on the safeguarding of cultural heritage as well as the passing of the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972); and, cultural development and the launching of an International Fund for the Promotion of Culture.

Hoggart wrote about his experience at UNESCO in the memoires ‘An Idea and its Servants: UNESCO from within’ (1978) and ‘An Imagined Life’ (1993), where he mentions in particular the impressions left by the missions he undertook. In ‘An Imagined Life’, Hoggart further writes about two key projects during the last period he was at UNESCO. For the first project SHC was charged with preparing the report 'The National education and the cultural life of peoples in the occupied Arab territories' that was requested by the 17th Session of the General Conference and presented to the 18th Session. The second project Hoggart references is UNESCO’s work on the preservation of the physical environment and cultural heritage of the Kathmandu Valley.

After his time at UNESCO, Hoggart became Warden of Goldsmith’s College, University of London. He held this post until his retirement in 1984. He also served on the Communications Advisory Committee to the UK National Commission for UNESCO from 1977 to 1979. Over the course of his career, he acted as a member or as an executive officer of many other committees, such as the following UK bodies: Governor, Royal Shakespeare Company (1962–1988); Arts Council of Great Britain (1976–1981); Chairman, Advisory Council for Adult and Continuing Education (1977–1983); and Vice-Chairman, Unesco Forum (1997-2008).

Hoggart died 10 April 2014.

HOPE '87

  • Corporate body

Hrozny, Bedrich

  • Person
  • 1879-1952

Bedrich Hrozny (Bedřich Hrozný in Czech notation) was born in Lysá nad Labem, Bohemia, in 1879. He was employed at the Imperial University Library in Vienna starting in 1902. In 1904, in his capacity as an Assyriologist, he was involved in the excavations of Tell-Taannek in Palestine. The following year he was appointed professor of semitic languages and assyriology at the University of Vienna. His excellent knowledge of languages (Hebrew, Arabic, Ethiopian, Aramaic, Akkadian, Sumerian, Sanskrit, Persian, and cuneiform writing) allowed him to decipher the Hittite language in 1915. He also managed to demonstrate the Indo-European roots of that language, and he spread knowledge of the Hittite civilisation by publishing his research in German and French. Having been appointed university professor in Prague in 1919, he directed excavations in Sech-Saad and Tell-Erfad in Syria (1924–5) and at Kultepe in Turkey. It was at this last site that he discovered traces of Cappadocian handwritings as well as cuneiform characters, dated to the third millenium BC. He was consequently elected to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres at the Institut de France in 1937. At the end of his life he attempted, without success, to decipher Hittite hieroglyphs, such as the writings of ancient India and Crete. He died 1952 in Prague.

In January 1939, Hrozny was elected a member of the ICIC for a period of three years. However, his mandate ended with the termination of the ICIC’s activities at the outbreak of the Second World War.

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